Performing CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) correctly can be a crucial skill in emergencies. Keep in mind that while this guide provides general information, it’s essential to seek certified CPR training for hands-on practice and certification. CPR techniques may also evolve, so always refer to the latest guidelines from organizations like the American Heart Association or the Red Cross. Here’s a step-by-step guide:
1. Assess the Situation:
- Ensure the safety of the environment before approaching the victim.
- Check for any immediate dangers, such as traffic or hazardous materials.
2. Check for Responsiveness:
- Gently tap the person and shout loudly, “Are you okay?”
- If there’s no response, the person may be unconscious.
3. Call for Help:
- If someone is with you, ask them to call emergency services (911 in the U.S.).
- If you are alone, make the emergency call yourself. It’s crucial to get professional help on the way.
4. Check for Breathing:
- Look, listen, and feel for normal breathing.
- If the person is not breathing or only gasping, it indicates a cardiac emergency.
5. Begin Chest Compressions:
- Place the heel of one hand on the center of the person’s chest (usually between the nipples).
- Place the other hand on top and interlock the fingers.
- Position yourself with straight arms and shoulders directly over your hands.
- Compress the chest at least 2 inches (5 cm) deep and at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute.
- Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions.
6. Perform Rescue Breaths:
- After 30 compressions, give two rescue breaths.
- Tilt the person’s head back slightly to open the airway.
- Pinch the person’s nose shut and give a breath that makes the chest rise visibly.
- Repeat this process.
7. Continue CPR:
- Repeat cycles of 30 compressions and 2 rescue breaths until emergency medical help arrives or the person starts breathing on their own.
- If an automated external defibrillator (AED) is available, follow its prompts after every five cycles.
8. Monitor the Person:
- Continuously check for signs of life, such as breathing or movement.
- Be prepared to continue CPR until professional help arrives or the person starts breathing again.
Important Tips:
- Perform CPR on a firm surface.
- Minimize interruptions during compressions.
- Rotate rescuers if more than one person is available.
- Follow the specific guidelines for infants, children, and adults.
- Consider taking a CPR course for hands-on practice and certification.
Remember, the primary goal of CPR is to maintain blood flow to vital organs until professional help arrives. Always follow the most current guidelines and seek professional training for accurate and effective CPR techniques.